A telephone QR code opens the dialler with your number filled in. It does not place the call — every phone shows the number and waits, which is the behaviour you want and the reason these are safe to print in public.
The payload is tel: followed by the number, which is a format every phone has understood for as long as phones have had browsers. It is one of the most reliably supported QR types there is.
It never dials on its own. The scan fills the dialler and stops. This is worth knowing both ways round: it is why a code on a poster cannot cost anyone money by accident, and why the code is a convenience rather than a one-tap call.
Because it is so short, the pattern is sparse — one of the easiest codes to scan in bad light, at an angle, or printed small. If you are fighting a difficult surface, this type gives you the most room.
A code on a closed door that gets someone to the right number without them squinting at handwriting.
A service number on the thing needing service, readable from a distance and impossible to mistype.
Faster than typing eleven digits, and it removes the transcription errors that make people give up.
A local-format number fails abroad. Without a country code the dialler gets an incomplete number, and the person scanning has no idea what is missing.
Some tablets and desktops have no dialler. The code is still correct; the device simply cannot act on it, and may offer a calling app or nothing at all.
The number is public the moment you print it. A QR code is not obfuscation — anyone can decode it, including anyone harvesting numbers. Use a business line rather than a personal mobile.
It cannot carry a name, a message or an extension prompt. The format holds a number and nothing else. If you want a name attached, use Contact Card (vCard 3.0), which saves to contacts.
Nothing checks the number is real. A typo produces a perfectly valid code for a wrong number. Scan the proof and call it once.